This English family reigned during approximately100 years, from 1485 (battle of Bosworth where Henry Tudor defeated Richard III and became King Henry VII of England) to 1603 (death of Queen Elizabeth I). This period was one of the most exciting and turbulent periods of change in English history, marking the beginning of the British empire.
* King Henry VII reigned from 1485 to 1509. He made the monarchy stronger by banning private armies, raising taxes, and using the Court of the Star Chamber to settle local disputes. His thriftiness made the monarchy rich again, and he also began to strengthen England's navy.
* King Henry VIII reigned from 1509 to 1547. He was responsible for a number of events that changed the course of history.He established the Church of England and closed the monasteries. He was only 18 when he became King of England. He was clever, athletic, spoke several languages and was an excellent musician (he is said to have composed the song Greensleeves). He wanted a male heir desperately and he is most famous for his six wives:
- Catherine of Aragon, mother of Mary I - divorced
- Anne Boleyn, mother of Elizabeth I - beheaded
- Jane Seymour, mother of Edward VI - died in childbirth
- Anne of Cleves. Henry agreed to marry her after seeing a flattering portrait of her. When they met, he found her very plain and quickly divorced her.
- Catherine Howard - beheaded
- Catherine Parr - outlived Henry.
* Edward VI reigned from 1547 to 1553. He was the first monarch to be crowned "Supreme Head of the English Curch". His health was very poor and he died at the age of 16. He ordered that his cousin, and childhood sweetheart, Lady Jane Grey should be Queen when he died.
* Queen Jane only reigned 9 days. She was arrested and executed by Mary I.
* Queen Mary I reigned from 1553 to 1558. She was known as "Bloody Mary" because about 300 protestants, including some bishops (=évêques) were burnt alive during her reign.
* Queen Elizabeth I reigned from 1558 to 1603. She was known as the "Virgin Queen" because she never married. She was 25 when she became queen and under her rule, England prospered, largely as a result of increased trade and travel to foreign lands.
When Elizabeth I died, it was her cousin's son, James VI of Scotland who became James I of England. he was the first Stuart king of England and the first person to be king of both England and Scotland. The reign of the Tudors was over.
